Periodic sine with an endpoint-correcting linear term

ID: periodic-sine-with-an-endpoint-correcting-linear-term

For , extend from periodically. The linear term makes both endpoint values zero and the endpoint first derivatives match. The function is odd, so its Fourier series has only sine terms, with the displayed Fourier coefficients. Indeed, for ,
subtracting and multiplying by proves the formula. The coefficients decay as . At , the single coefficient has removable limit , with all others zero. Multiplying by solves the corresponding heat equation on the circle.

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