 Phase-gate discretization error

For $R(\theta )=\mathrm{diag}(1,e^{i\theta })$, the difference vanishes on $|0⟩$ and multiplies $|1⟩$ by $e^{i\theta }(e^{i\delta }-1)$. Its operator norm is therefore $|e^{i\delta }-1|=2|\sin (\delta /2)|$. Choosing the nearest angle on the grid $2\pi m/2^n$, with circular distance, gives $|\delta |\le \pi /2^n$ and a uniform bound of this size on the output-state norm error. This bound concerns state vectors, not an asserted equality with measurement-probability error.