 Quantum degeneracy threshold in a spherical linear trap

For a dilute classical trapped gas, $\mu \simeq k_{B}T\ln (N/Z_1)$ with energy zero at the potential minimum. Thus $z=e^{\mu /(k_{B}T)}=N/Z_1$. Quantum occupation effects begin when $z$ is no longer small, giving the displayed order-of-magnitude particle threshold. Equivalently, the central density $n(0)=N/[8\pi (k_{B}T/a{)}^3]$ satisfies $n(0){\lambda }_T^3\sim 1$. This is a degeneracy crossover criterion rather than an exact Bose condensation threshold. In the continuum approximation, spinless bosons have excited-state saturation $N_c=\zeta (9/2)Z_1$, from the trap density of states proportional to $E^{7/2}$. A quantum ground energy should be subtracted consistently when discreteness matters.