Quenched disorder is randomness held fixed while the other degrees of freedom equilibrate. For a sample with couplings , first compute its partition function and Helmholtz free energy , then average over samples. One must not silently replace by .[ref]
Out of equilibrium dynamics of complex systems by Leticia Fernanda Cugliandolo. §4.2, pp. 83–86, averaging the free energy after computing each fixed-disorder partition function
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