Sphere surgery preserving nontrivial complementary pieces
ID: sphere-surgery-preserving-nontrivial-complementary-pieces
Suppose disjoint separating spheres cut a 3-manifold into pieces none of which is a punctured three-sphere. Compress one sphere along a disk disjoint from the others. The old sphere and the two new spheres enclose a three-times punctured sphere. At least one of the two pieces on the compressed side is not a punctured sphere; retain that new sphere and discard the other. The piece on its opposite side cannot become a punctured sphere, since capping its boundaries and applying the Three-dimensional Schoenflies theorem would make the original opposite piece a punctured sphere as well. Hence the number of spheres and the nontriviality condition can be preserved.
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