Subgroup of index the smallest prime divisor is normal
ID: subgroup-of-index-the-smallest-prime-divisor-is-normal
Let be finite and let have index , the smallest prime divisor of . The group action on left cosets gives , with . The image order divides both and . By the choice of , the only possible nontrivial prime factor common to these orders is , and contains only one factor of . Thus the image order is or . The action is transitive on cosets, so its image is nontrivial and has order . The first isomorphism theorem gives , hence . A kernel of a group homomorphism is a normal subgroup, proving the claim. For example, every subgroup of order in a group of order is normal.
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