Submodule lattice of the standard symmetric-group permutation module

ID: submodule-lattice-of-the-standard-symmetric-group-permutation-module

For , let permute the coordinates of . Write for the constant vectors and for the augmentation submodule. These and zero and are all the submodules. Indeed a vector with two unequal coordinates yields a nonzero multiple of by subtracting its image under ; the orbit of such a difference spans . A submodule without such a vector lies in . If the characteristic does not divide , then and is simple. If it divides , the lattice is the chain , with simple of dimension and trivial end factors. The direct-sum projection in the first case is .

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