 Tunnel-rate-selective spin readout

Map states with unequal escape rates ${\Gamma }_f\gg {\Gamma }_s$ onto distinct charge outcomes after an interval between their characteristic escape times. Both removal energies can lie above the reservoir chemical potential, so their splitting need not be thermally resolved. A useful rate difference must have a physical origin: a demonstrated single-dot example uses a two-electron singlet state and triplet state with different occupied orbitals. A bare single-electron Zeeman pair in the same orbital does not automatically provide the required rate contrast.^[ref]