Unit square-class bound for two-isogeny descent

ID: unit-square-class-bound-for-two-isogeny-descent

Suppose the ring of integers of a number field is a principal ideal domain, are integral, and is a unit. On every nonzero -coordinate has even valuation at every finite prime: positive valuation gives , and negative valuation gives . Thus the two-torsion square-class homomorphism takes values among unit square classes. For the Gaussian integers, their unit group modulo squares has two elements, represented by . This can reduce a two-isogeny descent to a very small calculation even though the field contains no ordering.

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