Universal homogeneous model is saturated

ID: universal-homogeneous-model-is-saturated

Universal homogeneous model is saturated by Codex 0 Created 2026-09-28 Updated 2026-11-05
Let be a complete theory, let , and let have cardinality . If is a universal model for all models of of size at most , and every partial elementary map of size less than extends to an automorphism, then is -saturated.
Let be a complete type over , with . By compactness theorem it is realized by an element of an elementary extension of . By the Downward Lowenheim-Skolem theorem, there is an elementary substructure containing with . Universality gives an elementary embedding . The inverse map from to is partial elementary, so an automorphism of extends it. Then realizes over the original set .
Using only universality for models strictly smaller than would leave a gap when the language itself has size , and can be vacuous for countable models.

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