 Zernike spherical mode

The unnormalized rotationally symmetric mode is $Z_4^0(\rho )=6{\rho }^4-6{\rho }^2+1$. It describes balanced primary spherical aberration. The lower-degree terms make it orthogonal to constant piston and quadratic defocus under the disk area measure: direct integration gives ${\int }_0^1{Z}_4^0\rho d\rho =0$ and ${\int }_0^1{Z}_4^0(2{\rho }^2-1)\rho d\rho =0$.