{c}
{tag=Human genome sequencing project}
{title2=1981}
{title2=first human mtDNA full sequencing}
{wiki}

By <Fred Sanger>'s group.

Published as: <sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome by Sanger et al. (1981)>.


Cambridge Reference Sequence

{c}
{title2=2003}
{title2=first largs scale sequencing of a human genome}
{wiki}

As mentioned by <Craig Venter> in <100 Greatest Discoveries by the Discovery Channel (2004-2005)>, the main outcomes of the project were:
* it established the ballpark number of <human genes>
* showed that human genomes are very similar across individuals.

Important predecessors:
* 1981: <Cambridge Reference Sequence>


Human Genome Project

{c}
{wiki}

This was one of the first notable country-led large scale sequencing efforts of the world.

Sample paper: https://www.nature.com/articles/ng.3247


2015 Iceland genome sequencing studies

100,000 Genomes Project

{c}
{title2=1992-}
{title2=UK}
{title2=13k}
{wiki}


TwinsUK

{c}

This is really cool. <Ciro Santilli> would be tempted to participate, but his <Ciro Santilli's wife>[wife] is not a fan, in part due to the loss of privacy of children. Maybe she is right...

Someone should implement a version of that where you can upload your privately sequenced genome and get analytics for free.


Personal Genome Project

Human Phenotype Ontology

ABO blood group system

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

HeLa

{c}
{title2=1973}
{wiki=HEK_293_cells}

= HEK cell
{c}
{synonym}

The point of these is that they are good for <transfection> apparently.


HEK 293 cell

Human chromosome

Human genetic variation

{tag=Human mitochondrion}
{wiki=Human_mitochondrial_genetics}

This was the first large part of the genome that was sequenced, in 1981: <Cambridge Reference Sequence>. Presumably they picked it because it is short and does not undergo <crossover>.

About 16.6 <kbp>:
* 13 coding genes
* 24 <non-coding genes>

TODO: many places say "exactly" 16,569, it seems that <variable number tandem repeat> are either rare or don't occur!
* https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2881260/ 1989 reports a single length polymorphism


Human mtDNA

Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup

Human genome sequencing project

Human protein

Genetically modified mouse

{wiki}

Databases and projects:
* https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2716027/ The Knockout Mouse Project (2004)


Ciro Santilli @cirosantilli  40