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The Kronecker product is a mathematical operation on two matrices of arbitrary sizes that produces a block matrix. Specifically, if \( A \) is an \( m \times n \) matrix and \( B \) is a \( p \times q \) matrix, the Kronecker product \( A \otimes B \) is an \( (mp) \times (nq) \) matrix constructed by multiplying each element of \( A \) by the entire matrix \( B \).