Members of the orthogonal group.
Complex analogue of orthogonal matrix.
Applications:
- in quantum computers programming basically comes down to creating one big unitary matrix as explained at: quantum computing is just matrix multiplication
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An orthogonal matrix is a square matrix \( A \) whose rows and columns are orthogonal unit vectors. This means that: 1. The dot product of any two different rows (or columns) is zero, indicating that they are orthogonal (perpendicular). 2. The dot product of a row (or column) with itself is one, indicating that the vectors are normalized.