This is notably what the United States emerged to be after World War II. But it was likely what Nazi Germany also was, and many other superpowers.

Ciro Santilli feels that much more relevant would be to also include academia as in "military-industrial-academic" complex, the Wikipedia page actually mentions precedents to this idea.

The addition of congress/politicians is also relevant.

But hey, the name wouldn't sound so slick with three parts.

It is basically in this context that American science and technology flourished after World War II, including notably the development of quantum electrodynamics, Richard Feynman being a prototypical example, having previously worked on the Manhattan Project.