Suppose linear operators and on a normed space satisfy , where has weak type with a normed domain, and all relevant suprema are measurable. If almost everywhere on a dense subspace, the same holds for every input. For a fixed approximation , the limiting error is at most . The measure where it exceeds is at most , which tends to zero as the approximation improves. This is a convergence-to-a-specified-limit version of almost-everywhere convergence from weak-type domination.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2005 iii Paper 5 3 ii Solution 2026-10-14
Use the approximants just chosen. The weak type (1,1) bound givesThe measures of these exceptional sets are summable. Indeed, the measure of their union for is at most . Hence their limsup is null; this is the Borel-Cantelli first lemma. Outside it, .
Remove also the countable null set from part (b). At each remaining point and for every , the estimate in part (a) yieldsLetting makes the right side zero. ThereforeThis proves almost-everywhere convergence from weak-type domination. The argument uses countably many measurable exceptional sets and does not assume that a supremum over all real parameters is measurable.