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An exoplanet is a planet orbiting a star other than the Sun.

Radiative transfer describes emission, absorption, and scattering of radiation through matter.

Planetary science studies planets, moons, small bodies, planetary systems, and the processes that form and evolve them.

Stellar astrophysics studies the structure, formation, energy production, observable properties, and evolution of stars.

An astrophysical disk is a flattened rotating distribution of gas, dust, stars, or other matter whose orbital motion strongly influences its structure and evolution.

A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, interstellar gas and dust, stellar remnants, and dark matter.

An astrophysical black hole is a black hole studied through its formation, accretion, mergers, dynamical environment, and electromagnetic or gravitational-wave signatures.