A control input taking only extreme admissible values except possibly on a switching or singular set. If the Hamiltonian of an optimal-control problem is affine in a scalar control , a nonzero coefficient selects or ; a zero coefficient does not determine the control.
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Bang-bang control, also known as on-off control or two-position control, is a type of control strategy used in systems where precise control is not necessary or where a system can only operate in two states: fully "on" (maximum output) or fully "off" (minimum output). This approach is often applied in various engineering fields, including robotics, aerospace, and HVAC systems.