Paper 101 1 c ii Solution 2026-09-24
Write the nonsplit short exact sequenceFor an endomorphism , the composite vanishes because . Hence restricts to an endomorphism of and induces an endomorphism of , giving a commutative diagram of short exact sequences.
Because and are brick modules, each of is either zero or an isomorphism. If both are isomorphisms, the short five lemma makes an isomorphism. If both vanish, factors successively through and through , hence through a map ; this map is zero, so .
The mixed cases would split the sequence. If is invertible and , then , so for some ; the identity makes a retraction of . If and is invertible, then , so ; the identity makes a section of . Both contradict nonsplitting. Thus every endomorphism of is zero or invertible, and is a brick.
Paper 101 1 c i Solution 2026-09-24
No. Let be the quiver over a field , and take the representation of a quiverAn endomorphism is a pair of scalar maps satisfying , so its endomorphism ring is . Every nonzero endomorphism is therefore an isomorphism, making this representation a brick module. It nevertheless has the proper nonzero subrepresentation , so it is not an irreducible module.
Equivalently, this is a nonsimple module over the path algebra whose endomorphism ring is a division ring.