Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2009 ii Paper 3 17F a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2022 ii Paper 1 17F b Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
A graph is -connected when it has more than vertices and remains connected after deletion of fewer than vertices. In a noncomplete 3-connected graph, choose a vertex with two nonadjacent neighbors . Since is connected, take a spanning tree rooted at and order its vertices so every vertex other than has a later tree neighbor. Color and first with the same color, then greedily color the other vertices in reverse tree order, leaving last. Every nonfinal vertex has one uncolored neighbor and therefore sees at most colors. At , the two neighbors share a color, so again at most colors occur. HenceThis is the relevant 3-connected case of Brooks' theorem.