Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2001 iii Paper 53 1 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
For , use centered tent-map period-doubling renormalization. LetThe image lies to the right of , with disjoint interiors, because . It lies in the positive branch. Consequently,and its range is contained in . The orientation-reversing affine map gives the exact topological conjugacyThus renormalization squares the slope and halves the return period. Since , there is a least for which . Minimality implies , and all previous slopes are in the renormalizable range. Successive affine maps therefore conjugate the restriction of on a nested central interval to .
By the preceding part, an iterate has a horseshoe for an interval map. Pull its two branch intervals and its range interval back through the composed conjugacy. They give a horseshoe for . ThereforeAt the endpoint , one renormalization gives the full slope-two tent map, so the argument includes that endpoint without assuming the strict inequality from part (a).