The Chemical Revolution was the late-eighteenth-century transformation associated with new explanations of combustion, chemical composition, and nomenclature. Oxygen-based accounts and careful mass measurements displaced many uses of the earlier phlogiston framework.
In Lavoisier's mercury-air experiment, heating mercury in communication with a confined quantity of air formed a red solid while reducing the gas volume; decomposing that solid recovered a gas with distinctive combustion-supporting behavior. This connected a reversible chemical transformation with the composition of air, rather than treating a mass gain as a property of heat alone.[ref]

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