Kemnitz theorem 2026-09-24
Every sequence of elements of , where is prime, contains terms whose sum is zero. A proof applies the Chevalley-Warning theorem to the cardinality and two coordinate sums and then double-counts zero-sum subsequences.
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 109 2 a Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
For a sequence in , write for the number of -term subsequences whose sum is zero. We use the following consequence of the Chevalley-Warning theorem: if , thenIndeed, with one variable for each term , apply Chevalley--Warning toTheir degree sum is . A common zero has support of size , or modulo , and each fixed support contributes assignments. Reducing modulo gives the displayed congruence.
Now let the given terms have total sum zero. If no of them summed to zero, delete any one term and apply the congruence to the remaining terms. It givesso those remaining terms contain a zero-sum -subsequence. Its complement in the original terms has size and sum zero, contradicting the assumption. Therefore the required terms exist.