Clément Baruteau studies the gravitational interaction between planets and their surrounding protoplanetary disks. He led a review of how those interactions alter planetary orbits during the formation of planetary systems.
The key comparison is between the time over which a planet's orbital elements change and the lifetime of the protoplanetary disk. If the former is short, planetary migration can substantially reshape the system before the gas disappears. Predicting that change requires a model of the disk's physical structure, because the gravitational forces depend on the disk's response to the planet.[ref]
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