Cognitive control

Processes that configure and regulate behavior according to goals, including selecting relevant information and resolving competing responses. A control-related contribution to a language task need not mean that all language representations are domain-general.

An experimental task combining cueing and response-conflict conditions to estimate aspects of attentional processing. A robust experimental effect does not automatically yield reliable individual differences or a group advantage.

A performance contrast between conditions with greater and smaller response conflict. For reaction time, $C={\overline{RT}}_{\mathrm{incongruent}}-{\overline{RT}}_{\mathrm{congruent}}$. A group advantage specific to conflict requires a difference of such contrasts, not just faster responses in both conditions.

A response-conflict task in which a relevant feature determines a response while an irrelevant spatial feature can favour a competing response. Congruent versus incongruent trials define a within-person interference contrast.

The performance difference between spatially incompatible and compatible trials in a Simon task. A group difference in overall reaction time is distinct from a group difference in this conflict cost.

Control processes contributing across different task contents. Recruitment near language-selective cortex does not make those processes syntactic, and different control tasks need not be reliable measures of one unitary ability.