Conflict cost ($C={\overline{RT}}_{\mathrm{incongruent}}-{\overline{RT}}_{\mathrm{congruent}}$)

A performance contrast between conditions with greater and smaller response conflict. For reaction time, $C={\overline{RT}}_{\mathrm{incongruent}}-{\overline{RT}}_{\mathrm{congruent}}$. A group advantage specific to conflict requires a difference of such contrasts, not just faster responses in both conditions.