A representation of relations among locations or task states that can support inference beyond memorized stimulus–response pairs. The represented space need not be physically spatial. A cognitive-map hypothesis specifies which states and relations are encoded and what behaviour can use them.
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A cognitive map is a mental representation of spatial knowledge and the environment that an individual uses to navigate and understand their surroundings. The concept can also extend to include knowledge about relationships between objects, events, and concepts in both physical and abstract spaces. Here are some key points about cognitive maps: 1. **Spatial Awareness**: Cognitive maps help us orient ourselves in physical space, allowing us to understand the layout of places such as our home, neighborhood, or city.