The field is smooth on the simply connected domain . Its curl is , so a necessary and sufficient condition for a conservative vector field is
At those values it is explicitly the gradient of . Equality of the two previous path integrals would impose only , which is weaker: coinciding path integrals need not imply a conservative field. For example makes those two integrals equal but leaves nonzero curl.
Direct differentiation gives with , so is a conservative vector field and its integral depends only on the endpoints. In contrast,
is nonzero, for example at . Thus is not conservative. Both earlier paths lie in the surface , where the two fields happen to coincide. This illustrates why coinciding path integrals need not imply a conservative field.