In a 1996 experiment, ultracold cesium atoms were loaded into the lowest band of an optical standing wave made with light. Chirping the frequency difference of its counterpropagating beams accelerated the lattice, producing a constant inertial force in its frame. Switching off the lattice after different evolution times allowed momentum-distribution measurements. The observed oscillations tested the periodic band velocity underlying a Bloch oscillation; the lattice period and imposed acceleration controlled the oscillation frequency.[ref]
Bloch Oscillations of Atoms in an Optical Potential by Maxime Dahan and others. Physical Review Letters 76, pp. 4508–4509: optical preparation, accelerating lattice, time-dependent momentum distribution
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