Direct matrix multiplication gives the multiplication table
Together with acting as the identity, this shows that the product of any two real linear combinations is again a real linear combination. Thus is closed under multiplication. It is the complex matrix representation of quaternions.
Its general element has the form
If this matrix is zero, real and imaginary parts of its first row give . Hence are linearly independent over and form a basis:
Put . Since distinct imaginary units anticommute, the mixed terms in cancel, leaving . Scalars commute with , so
The reversed product is the same. The coefficient is strictly positive for every nonzero element. Consequently
This also identifies as a real noncommutative division algebra, not as the full algebra of complex two-by-two matrices.