Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 iii Paper 47 2 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
The composition of absolutely summable time-series filters is , with the backshift operator. Thusand its only nonzero coefficients are , , , . Multiplication of the two filter gains givesEquivalently, its spectral density transformation under a linear filter is .
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2008 iii Paper 47 2 Solution 2026-10-14
Use the two-sided spectral density of a stationary process conventionThus white noise of variance has density .
Absolute summability makes the linear filter of a stationary time series well defined in : . Its mean is . For its autocovariance, continuity of the inner product givesThe sum is absolutely convergent because . It depends only on , proving weak stationarity. Inserting the spectral inversion formula and exchanging the absolutely dominated sum with the integral yieldsHere the coefficients are real, so the two factors are complex conjugates. This is the spectral density transformation under a linear filter.
Applying a second linear filter of a stationary time series givesThe composition of absolutely summable time-series filters can also be calculated directly:Indeed ; this bound also justifies the interchange of the two sums. The filter gain multiplies under this composition. The sketches for the two individual filters are:
Ordinary and twelve-step seasonal difference-filter gains
. Details. 