Completeness of a countable product metric 2026-10-31
If every factor is a complete metric space, the countable product metric is complete. For a product-Cauchy sequence, the inequality , with , makes each coordinate sequence Cauchy. Its coordinate limits define a product point. Coordinatewise convergence and the uniformly small summable tail imply convergence to that point in . It matters that the original distances are bounded before they are summed: summing arbitrary unbounded metrics directly need not be finite.
Put . Every summand is nonnegative and at most , so the series defining converges and . Symmetry follows from each . If , every nonnegative summand is zero, hence every and . The converse is immediate.
For the triangle inequality, first observe that for ,Monotonicity of and the triangle inequality for therefore giveMultiply by and sum the convergent nonnegative series. This proves the required triangle inequality for , so is a metric. The construction combines a bounded metric transform with a countable product metric.