Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2006 ii Paper 2 36B Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
In the lubrication regime the thin region has longitudinal scale , since the height increase becomes comparable with there. The characteristic shear is , so force per axial length scales as . Negligible inertia, no slip, no cylinder rotation, and full wetting are understood.
Use a frame translating with the cylinder. The wall moves with velocity , the cylinder is stationary, and the gap is . Lubrication momentum gives , , soContinuity makes constant. Equal ambient pressures at both infinities give , hence . ThereforeThe vertical velocity, with the wall condition , follows explicitly from incompressibility:It gives , consistently with a horizontally translating cylinder in the lab frame.
The wall shear is . With , its integral isForce balance equates this wall force to the required cylinder force at leading order; the pressure and viscous stresses on remote boundaries make no leading contribution. This is the cylinder translating parallel to a wall in a thin gap result. The asymptotic sign denotes the approximation implicit in the parabolic gap, rather than an exact finite-gap cylinder formula.