An ortho-dioxygen aromatic framework that can bind through both oxygen atoms in several redox states. The semiquinonate monoanion has a ligand-centred unpaired electron, whereas the catecholate dianion has a filled-shell configuration. non-innocent ligand behaviour means metal oxidation state cannot be inferred from an overall complex charge without specifying the ligand redox state.
A free radical monoanion intermediate in redox state between a quinone and a catecholate; an isolated ligand has spin . Its spin may couple to a metal spin in a complex.
The dianionic, closed-shell O,O donor obtained by two deprotonations of catechol.

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