An endoscope is an instrument that brings illumination and imaging into a region that is difficult to view directly. Optical designs can use a relay-lens train, an ordered fibre bundle or a camera sensor near the tip.
An ordered image bundle must preserve relative fibre positions to transmit an image; a randomly arranged illumination bundle need not. Resolution, viewing angle, illumination and contrast depend on the complete optical system. The geometry that makes internal access possible also constrains aperture and image quality.
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