Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2012 iii Paper 65 3 iv Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-07
Put . The state is well defined for , with eigenvalues . The first state is pure and has zero Von Neumann entropy, so the exact difference isThis is the entropy of a binary diagonal qubit mixture. Its trace distance from the pure state is , not . An explicit elementary upper bound follows from :At zero the limit is zero. For small , the sharp exact answer behaves as , displaying the logarithmic continuity of entropy near a pure state.