Every composite number that is an odd integer has an Euler witness. There are two cases.
If divides for a prime number , write with and . The Chinese remainder theorem chooses and . This base is a unit modulo and has Jacobi symbol , because it is one modulo every prime divisor. But with , the binomial theorem gives . Since , this is not one, so the Euler congruence fails.
If is squarefree, it has at least two distinct prime factors. Choose to be a quadratic nonresidue modulo one factor and one modulo every other factor, again by the Chinese remainder theorem. Then , while is one modulo a different prime factor. It therefore cannot equal the Jacobi symbol modulo .

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