Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2007 iii Paper 76 4 b Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
The specific Helmholtz free energy satisfies . For the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient , adopt , consistently with the material-first nominal stress tensor. Differentiating givesConsequentlyorThese relations follow from the chain rule; the transpose convention matters.
Differentiating the dissipation potential, with the Frobenius norm of , givesAn integrating factor yields the exponential memory from tensor relaxation:For , the driving term is continuously zero at .
Taking the product explicitly defined in the question, gives , and hence its requested history functional isThere is a naming error in the PDF: with its convention, the actual second Piola-Kirchhoff stress tensor is , while is the transpose of the Mandel stress tensor, where . Thus if that stress measure is required. This agrees with the stress push-forward used in Question 5; the printed product is fully determined by the history above, whereas recovering also requires the deformation or an invertible elastic constitutive relation.
The multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient is used on histories where stays invertible. Thermodynamic admissibility additionally requires : positivity of the constants alone does not ensure this for arbitrary prescribed histories.