Allocation of resources among agents according to a specified fairness requirement. For indivisible items, each bundle is a set of whole items, and a complete allocation assigns every item exactly once. An envy-free allocation is one fairness criterion. Existence depends on the permitted allocations: indivisibility can prevent fairness that would be possible after splitting resources or permitting unallocated items.
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Fair division is a mathematical and economic concept that deals with dividing a set of resources or goods among individuals or parties in such a way that each participant believes they have received their fair share. This can involve tangible items, such as land or goods, as well as intangible resources, such as time or opportunities. The principles of fair division can be applied in various contexts, including: 1. **Dividing Chores or Tasks**: Splitting household responsibilities among family members or roommates.