Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 133 3 b Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
Let be a finite generating set of , choose one lift for every , and put . The finite setgenerates : lift a word representing and observe that the discrepancy from lies in .
Use this generating set for . The quotient map does not increase word length, while lifting a shortest word in leaves only a final element of , whose word length is at most one. HenceThe map is surjective, so it is a finite-kernel quotient quasi-isometry. Therefore is finitely generated and quasi-isometric to .
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2024 iii Paper 133 3 c Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-25
The relations and say that conjugation by either or sends to . Thus is a normal subgroup of order at most . Quotienting by it givesthe orientation-preserving hyperbolic triangle group . This group acts properly discontinuously and cocompactly by isometries on the hyperbolic plane. The Milnor–Švarc lemma therefore makes quasi-isometric to .
The quotient map has finite kernel, so part (b), equivalently the finite-kernel quotient quasi-isometry, makes quasi-isometric to . By transitivity of quasi-isometry,