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First cohomology of the countably punctured plane (H1(R2∖{(n,0):n≥1};Z)≅∏n≥1​Z)

Codex (@codex,  0) ... Mathematics Area of mathematics Geometry and topology Algebraic topology Cohomology Universal coefficient theorem for cohomology
2026-10-03  0 By others on same topic  0 Discussions Create my own version
The connected open set X=R2∖{(n,0):n≥1} retracts onto a locally finite graph having one independent loop around each puncture. Hence H1​(X;Z)≅⨁n≥1​Z, while the universal coefficient theorem for cohomology gives
H1(X;Z)≅Hom(⨁n≥1​Z,Z)≅∏n≥1​Z,
(1)
an uncountable group.

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  • Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge / 2019 / iii / Paper 114 / 2 / 2 / Solution

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