First-order selection rule for a linearly driven oscillator ($⟨n|x|0⟩=\sqrt{\hslash /(2m\omega )}{\delta }_{n1}$)

The ladder identity $x=\sqrt{\hslash /(2m\omega )}(a+a^{†})$ proves the matrix element in the title. In time-dependent perturbation theory, a linear force excites only $n=1$ directly from $n=0$. Parity alone rules out even excited states; the ladder identity also rules out odd $n>1$. Higher-order evolution can reach other levels, so the driven oscillator is not an exact two-level system.