Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2002 iii Paper 71 4 c Solution Created 2026-10-03 Updated 2026-10-14
There is no minimum about which this scalar can undergo the damped oscillations normally used for reheating. Its slow-roll parameters are constant, so an inflating exponential solution has no automatic exit. An independent stopping and energy-transfer mechanism is needed.
At the assumed exit, . Equating this to the thermal radiation density givesfor . Corrections from the small kinetic fraction do not change this rough estimate.
Curvature obeys . For constant and , its suppression during cosmic inflation is . Starting from order-one curvature and requiring present curvature no larger than order one givesAfter instantaneous reheating, entropy conservation implies , with . Present scales make the numerator roughly ; using the literal approximate units from question2 gives about . A tighter present curvature tolerance adds its corresponding half-logarithm. In slow-roll approximation this is the conventional requirement of roughly sixty e-folds.
Because the field increases toward , enough expansion requiresThis is the flatness bound on the initial field in exponential inflation. It is an upper bound on the initial field, not a nonzero minimum: starting earlier at a smaller field produces more expansion. If one additionally restricts the initial potential below , then supplies a lower bound, but that is a separate restriction. Without initial-curvature and final-tolerance choices there is no unique numerical initial-field value.