Geostrophic wind with linear drag ($\mathbf{u}=[f\hat{\mathbf{z}}\times {\nabla }_{h}p-r{\nabla }_{h}p]/[\rho (r^2+f^2)]$)

A steady horizontal parcel with drag acceleration $-r\mathbf{u}$ obeys $0=-{\nabla }_{h}p/\rho -f\hat{\mathbf{z}}\times \mathbf{u}-r\mathbf{u}$. Inverting the horizontal rotation-plus-drag matrix gives the title. For $r>0$, the velocity has a component toward lower pressure and a component along atmospheric isobars. For $p_x=0$, $f>0$, $p_y>0$, both $u,v$ are negative. The cross-isobar angle is $\arctan (r/f)$, and the speed is smaller than the corresponding frictionless wind. A vertically resolved turbulent stress is not generally equivalent to one constant $r$.

Dot the steady linear-drag momentum equation with the velocity. The Coriolis force does no work, so pressure-gradient work balances frictional dissipation. In a strictly geostrophic flow the wind is along isobars and pressure work vanishes. Cross-isobar motion supplies the positive pressure work needed to maintain a dissipative equilibrium.