Green correspondence

Let $N_G(D)\le H\le G$. Set $\mathcal{X}=\{D\cap {}^{g}D:g\notin H\}$ and $\mathcal{Y}=\{H\cap {}^{g}D:g\notin H\}$. Green correspondence pairs indecomposable modules with vertex $D$ for $G$ and $H$: restriction has a unique vertex-$D$ summand, with the other summands relatively projective for $\mathcal{Y}$; induction has a unique vertex-$D$ summand, with the other summands relatively projective for $\mathcal{X}$. The two assignments are inverse and preserve sources. Its more general form applies to vertices contained in $D$ but not conjugate into any member of $\mathcal{X}$.

Let $N_G(D)\le H\le G$ and let $U$ be indecomposable with vertex $D$ over $H$. The Mackey restriction formula writes ${\mathrm{Res}}_H^G{\mathrm{Ind}}_H^{G}U=U\oplus T$, where the vertices in $T$ lie in $H\cap {}^{g}D$ for $g\notin H$. None of these subgroups contains an $H$-conjugate of $D$: equality would put $g$ in $N_G(D)H=H$. Every summand of the induction with a $G$-conjugate of vertex $D$ contributes a vertex-$D$ summand on restriction. Krull-Schmidt decomposition therefore forces exactly one such summand, with multiplicity one. Choosing sources and using transitivity of induction proves the inverse correspondence and preservation of sources.

The Green correspondent is the unique indecomposable summand of restriction or induction having the selected vertex of an indecomposable module, in the setting of Green correspondence. The two correspondence maps are inverse and preserve sources of an indecomposable module up to the appropriate normalizer conjugacy.

If $N_G(D)\le H\le G$, Brauer correspondence pairs the blocks of a group algebra of $RG$ and $RH$ having defect group of a block $D$. This is Green correspondence for their bimodules, with vertex of an indecomposable module $\Delta D$ in $G\times G$. The normalizer of $\Delta D$ lies in $H\times H$, and the corresponding restriction and induction have unique summands with that vertex.