Flux homomorphism 2026-09-24
For a symplectic isotopy generated by , its flux is
It vanishes for a Hamiltonian isotopy.
Let
For any sufficiently small nonzero , translation
is a symplectic isotopy with . Choosing arbitrarily small makes the isotopy arbitrarily small in every norm.
This isotopy has nonzero flux homomorphism, represented by . In contrast, every Hamiltonian isotopy has zero flux. If a Hamiltonian image were disjoint from , the two homologous essential circles would bound an annulus , and evaluation of the flux on would equal the signed symplectic area
which is nonzero. This contradicts vanishing Hamiltonian flux, so is not Hamiltonian displaceable.
Again take a symplectic two-sphere, but let be a small latitude bounding a cap of area strictly below half the total area. A rotation carrying that cap to a disjoint cap carries to a disjoint Lagrangian circle. Rotations of the symplectic sphere are flows of Hamiltonian vector fields; for rotation about an axis, a height function is a Hamiltonian function. Thus this rotation is a Hamiltonian isotopy, and is Hamiltonian displaceable.