Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2011 ia Paper 3 12C Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-09-24
Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2023 ia Paper 3 9B Solution Created 2026-09-23 Updated 2026-10-03
Using the product rule for directional derivatives,Thus and . If and , then . Integrating the two directional derivatives as divergences gives only boundary fluxes, which vanish because . This is helicity conservation by tangent boundary conditions, so .