Induced subhypergraph 2026-10-14
For a subset of the vertex set of a hypergraph , the induced subhypergraph retains exactly the edges wholly contained in . This is the restriction used by a hereditary hypergraph property; it differs from intersecting every edge with , which can change uniformity.
For a hereditary hypergraph property of -uniform hypergraphs, is the family on the labelled vertex set . For , its normalized speed lies between zero and two and is nonincreasing. Choose a uniformly random member on vertices and record its edge indicators. Each edge occurs in vertex-deletion restrictions. The Shearer inequality bounds its information entropy by the sum of the restriction entropies divided by . Each restriction has at most possible values. Division by gives . Empty families are handled directly by heredity.
Write for the number of labelled -uniform hypergraphs with the hereditary hypergraph property, so for . The assertion is nonincrease; strict decrease need not hold, since allowing all uniform hypergraphs gives .
If , heredity forces . If , the desired inequality is immediate. Otherwise choose uniformly from and record its edge indicators as a random vector . Its information entropy, with any fixed logarithm base, is . Deleting a vertex gives the restriction to the edges avoiding . By heredity and relabelling, this restriction has at most possible values, so .
Each edge coordinate occurs in exactly of these restrictions. For completeness, order all the edge coordinates. The chain rule for information entropy expands a restriction entropy as a sum of conditional coordinate entropies. The predecessors retained in a restriction form a subset of all predecessors, and conditioning reduces entropy; hence each restriction term is at least the corresponding full-vector term. Summing over the restrictions counts each full-vector term times. This proves the needed Shearer inequality:
Since , division gives . Therefore the normalized speed of a hereditary hypergraph property satisfies