For a future-directed causal four-momentum crossing a future Killing horizon with generator , the Lorentzian inner product obeys . With and , this is . A massive particle has strict inequality. The same bound follows in the nonextremal quasistationary regime from the Physical-process first law for a rotating black hole and the second law of black-hole mechanics. Negative Killing energy in a Penrose process is allowed, but its angular momentum must satisfy this bound.
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