Past exam of the mathematics course of the University of Cambridge 2005 ib Paper 3 2A Solution Created 2026-09-24 Updated 2026-10-14
For curvature , the Poincare disc model has metric and area elementThe given minimizing-diameter property makes the distance from zero to Euclidean radius equal toRadial symmetry therefore identifies the whole hyperbolic circle in the Poincare disc. Integrating its enclosed hyperbolic area gives
For a geodesic hyperbolic triangle with angles , the Gauss-Bonnet theorem states , in particular , with strict inequality for ordinary finite vertices. Let be the distance of the interior point to the nearest side. The open disc of radius about is contained in the triangle: a path from to an exterior point must first cross the boundary at distance at least . A hyperbolic isometry carries its center to zero, so its area is the area already calculated. ConsequentlyThis uses hyperbolic area bounds an inscribed disc and establishes the requested bound without assuming that is an incenter. A sharper universal triangle bound is possible, but is not needed here.